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gran maestro
A Gran maestro was the unofficial head of state in the Italian city-states. The role could depend on holding a particular office, military power or a general subversion of the constitution.
The Scaliger family in Verona converted their control of the office of ''podestà'' into a permanent lordship as early as 1226. The Sforza dynasty rose from condottieri to be dukes of Milan in 1447. The Medici relied on financial power and control of the selection process for office to establish their own dominance in Florence, although it took them until 1531 to acquire the formal title of Grand Duke of Tuscany and abolish all vestiges of the republic.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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